For mild-to-moderate dehydration caused by diarrhea, which approach is preferred?

• A. Intravenous fluids only
• B. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) to restore fluids and electrolytes
• C. Plain water
• D. Dairy milk

Answer: (B)

Replacing both fluids and electrolytes is the goal in mild-to-moderate dehydration from diarrhea. An oral rehydration solution provides water, sodium, potassium, and glucose in the right balance. The glucose helps sodium (and thus water) absorption in the small intestine via the sodium-glucose transport mechanism, speeding rehydration and reducing stool output. This approach is safe, effective, and can be used at home, avoiding unnecessary IV therapy. Intravenous fluids are reserved for severe dehydration, ongoing vomiting that prevents oral intake, or inability to drink or absorb fluids, or signs of shock. Plain water doesn’t replace electrolytes and can lead to electrolyte imbalances, while dairy milk isn’t ideal during acute diarrhea due to lactose and slower gastric emptying, which may worsen symptoms. Start with small sips of ORS and continue to offer it as long as needed, monitoring for improvement and seeking care if dehydration worsens or doesn’t improve.