True or False: Polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk of falls in older adults.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Sometimes
• D. Not at all

Answer: (A)

Polypharmacy increases fall risk in older adults because each additional drug can add side effects or interactions that affect balance, gait, blood pressure, or cognition. In older adults, central nervous system depressants like benzodiazepines, sedative-hypnotics, and anticholinergic medications can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion. Antihypertensives or diuretics can lead to orthostatic hypotension, causing lightheadedness when standing. When multiple meds are used together, the chances of adverse drug events and drug-drug interactions rise, increasing instability and the likelihood of a fall. Age-related changes in how the body handles drugs—slower metabolism, altered distribution, and reduced clearance—mean medications can accumulate and have stronger or prolonged effects, further heightening fall risk. Therefore, the statement is true: polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk of falls in older adults.

In practice, this is why thorough medication reconciliation, thoughtful deprescribing where appropriate, and fall prevention strategies are essential parts of care for older patients.