Which condition is a consequence of immobility on the respiratory system?

• A. Bronchitis
• B. Pneumonia
• C. Asthma
• D. Atelectasis

Answer: (D)

When movement is limited, breathing tends to become shallow and diaphragmatic movement decreases, so ventilation of the lungs is reduced. Secretions can pool and are not cleared as effectively. In this situation, some alveoli in dependent parts of the lungs may not inflate fully and can collapse, a condition called atelectasis. This collapse reduces the surface area for gas exchange, leading to lower oxygen levels and increased risk of further respiratory complications if secretions stagnate. Preventing atelectasis involves strategies to promote deep breathing and airway clearance, such as turning, coughing, deep breathing exercises, and incentive spirometry. While infections like pneumonia or bronchitis can occur with immobility, atelectasis is the direct respiratory consequence of inadequate ventilation and alveolar collapse.