Which of the following describes the effect of immobility on the integumentary system?

• A. Hair growth slows
• B. Skin breakdown
• C. Skin tanning increases
• D. Diaphoresis increases

Answer: (B)

Prolonged immobility places constant pressure on the skin, especially over bony areas, which reduces blood flow to the tissue. This ischemia damages skin and underlying tissues, leading to breakdown and, if unrelieved, pressure ulcers. Friction and shear from movement, along with moisture from incontinence or sweating, further weaken the skin and promote injury. These factors make skin breakdown the most direct and common integumentary consequence of immobility. Hair growth, tanning, and sweating aren’t primarily driven by immobility itself—hair growth depends on hormones and nutrition, tanning requires sun exposure, and diaphoresis is tied to thermoregulation. Prevention centers on repositioning, pressure-relieving surfaces, maintaining skin cleanliness and dryness, and ensuring adequate nutrition.