Which of the following is a risk factor for delirium?

• A. Regular Hydration
• B. Dehydration
• C. Adequate Sleep
• D. Balanced Nutrition

Answer: (B)

Delirium is an acute, fluctuating disturbance of attention and cognition caused by an underlying medical issue or precipitating factor. Dehydration contributes by reducing blood volume and cerebral perfusion, which lowers oxygen and nutrient delivery to the brain. It also causes electrolyte disturbances (such as abnormal sodium levels) that disrupt neuronal signaling and can precipitate confusion and disorientation. In older adults, dehydration often accompanies infections or medication effects and increases vulnerability to delirium. By contrast, maintaining hydration helps preserve brain perfusion and electrolyte balance, while adequate sleep and balanced nutrition support brain function, making dehydration the key risk factor among the options.