Which of the following is listed as a factor contributing to gustatory changes in older adults?

• A. Underlying neurological conditions
• B. Dental problems and oral abscess
• C. Both
• D. None

Answer: (C)

Gustatory changes in older adults are often due to more than one factor, so recognizing multiple contributors is key. Underlying neurological conditions can affect taste by damaging or altering the function of the nerves responsible for taste (such as the cranial nerves involved in taste) or the brain areas that process taste signals, leading to diminished taste sensitivity or altered flavor perception. Dental problems and oral health issues, including oral abscesses, can change taste through pain and inflammation in the mouth, reduced saliva production (xerostomia), alterations in the oral microbiome, and difficulties with chewing or denture wear, all of which can lessen taste perception or change how flavors are experienced. Because both categories can impact taste, they’re both listed as contributors.