Which sources are used to collect data in the described framework?

• A. Self-report
• B. Report by proxy
• C. Direct observation
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Using multiple data sources provides a fuller, more valid picture by combining the person’s own experiences, input from others who know them, and observable behavior. Self-report reveals symptoms, feelings, and preferences from the individual's perspective, but can be affected by memory errors or the desire to present oneself a certain way. Proxy reports extend data collection when the person cannot report, bringing in observations from caregivers or family members, though their view may not perfectly match the person’s inner experience. Direct observation offers objective information about actions and behaviors as they occur, though it can be influenced by the observer’s presence and context. By triangulating these sources, you increase accuracy, depth, and reliability of the data, so all of the above sources are used in the described framework.